CentOS 8 Docker安装[通俗易懂]

因Centos8已不再提供技术支持，需要重新配置yum源

[root@c85-60 yum.repos.d]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/repo-bak
[root@c85-60 yum.repos.d]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/repo-bak/
[root@c85-60 yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

清除缓存并建立缓存

[root@c85-60 yum.repos.d]# dnf clean all
[root@c85-60 yum.repos.d]# dnf makecache

更新系统包 #最好是重启一下，注意如果已有服务在运行，更新系统与重启操作要先进行评估，是否可以操作

[root@c85-60 ~]# dnf update -y
[root@c85-60 ~]# reboot 

安装docker的环境依赖

[root@c85-60 ~]# dnf install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@c85-60 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装最新版的docker

[root@c85-60 ~]# dnf install docker-ce -y

启动docker并设置开机启动

[root@c85-60 ~]# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

查询docker运行状态

[root@c85-60 ~]# systemctl status docker
...
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-02-13 09:30:17 CST; 20s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 7182 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 10
   Memory: 30.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─7182 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
​
Feb 13 09:30:16 c85-60 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Feb 13 09:30:16 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:16.319794983+08:00" level=info msg="Starting up"
Feb 13 09:30:16 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:16.421963228+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:17.026671168+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld: interface docker0 already part of docker zone, returning"
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:17.080955489+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:17.096170898+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=8e96db1 containerd-snapshotter=false storage-driver=overlay2 version=>
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:17.096244987+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 dockerd[7182]: time="2025-02-13T09:30:17.112593561+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
Feb 13 09:30:17 c85-60 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.

配置docker镜像加速

[root@c85-60 ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.1panel.live",
"https://hub.rat.dev",
"https://docker.actima.top",
"https://atomhub.openatom.cn",
"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
"https://docker.nastool.de",
"https://dockerpull.org",
"https://registry.dockermirror.com",
"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
"https://docker.1ms.run",
"https://docker.aityp.com",
"https://dockerhub.xisoul.cn",
"https://docker.imgdb.de",
"https://hub.littlediary.cn",
"https://docker.unsee.tech",
"https://hub.crdz.gq",
"https://hub.firefly.store",
"https://docker.kejilion.pro",
"https://dhub.kubesre.xyz",
"https://hub.xdark.top",
"https://docker.udayun.com" 
]
}
EOF

#重启docker服务

[root@c85-60 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload  && systemctl restart docker

#测试拉取docker镜像并运行

[root@c85-60 ~]# docker run hello-world
...
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
e6590344b1a5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d715f14f9eca81473d9112df50457893aa4d099adeb4729f679006bf5ea12407
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
​
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
​
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
​
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
​
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/
​
For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

扩展技能：自定义安装指定版本

#查看有哪些docker版本
[root@c85-60 ~]# dnf list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
​
#安装指定版本，如20.10.23
[root@c85-60 ~]# dnf install -y docker-ce-20.10.23